Transcription initiation and elongation of HIV-1 are critical processes regulating viral latency and activation. Despite these two processes playing essential roles in HIV-1 gene expression, how they ...

Bacterial transcription initiation is orchestrated by the RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme, comprising the multisubunit core enzyme and a σ factor that directs promoter recognition. Initiation begins ...

Rosalind Franklin, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA -- that molecular blueprint for life -- over 70 years ago. Today, scientists are still uncovering new ways to read it.

Every living cell transcribes DNA into RNA. This process begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNAP) clamps onto DNA. Within a few hundred milliseconds, the DNA double helix unwinds to form a ...

This image illustrates the process of gene transcription within a cell. The DNA double helix unwinds to expose a specific sequence, allowing RNA polymerase to synthesize a complementary pre-mRNA ...