Still, where once western policymakers better understood the dynamics of secular politics in the Middle East, this knowledge has been lost, subsumed under a fixation on Islam’s supposed threat to ...

In the modern world, we have a very distinct demarcation between religious and secular learning. We treat the study of the ...

Additional plates or discs which Arab scientists invented. They were used as supplementary tools to be inserted into astronomical instruments like the astrolabe to supplement its functions. There is ...

A direct English translation of the Arabic word 'ilm علم is "knowledge", but the Arabic appellation is pregnant with meanings that transcend what knowledge implied for the likes of Plato, Pythagoras, ...