For observations based on sensory data, the human brain must constantly verify which "version" of reality underlies the perception. The answer is gleaned from probability distributions that are stored ...

Vision is a highly complex process, and requires the construction of a correspondingly complicated functional network made up of diverse nerve-cell types in the developing retina. In mammals, these ...

Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), which is defined as a congenital deficiency of retinal ganglion cells, may also involve more distal layers of the retina. We investigated electrophysiological function of ...

The human body is complex, and many things can go wrong while a baby is developing. Sometimes, genetic mutations occur, or things don’t form quite right. One condition that can result from ...

The vagus nerve is an integral part of your autonomic nervous system. This part of your nervous system controls the things your body does without your conscious input, such as breathing, digesting ...

There are two specific types of neuralgia, or nerve pain. The first specific type is trigeminal neuralgia, or tic douloureux. Tic douloureux is a neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial ...

Frog brains get busy long before they’re fully formed. Just a day after fertilization, embryonic brains begin sending signals to far-off places in the body, helping oversee the layout of complex ...

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic condition, affecting 1 in 3000 individuals, and people with NF1 are at greater risk of developing a rare, aggressive form of cancer. Diagnosing ...

Obesity does not just enlarge fat stores, it appears to rework the body’s wiring and immune landscape in ways scientists have ...