Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

Diverse well describes the myriad digital modulation schemes used in modern voice and data communications. The alphabet soup of terminology extends well beyond the familiar QAM and GMSK fundamentals ...

The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology has successfully developed a highly efficient optical modulator using organic electro-optic polymer (hereinafter referred to as EO ...

The transition from second-generation (2G) to third-generation (3G) wireless cellular systems requires multi-standard adaptability in a wireless receiver. An important answer to this request is the ...

Curtiss-Wright’s E-SOQPSK (Extensible SOQPSK) is a software-configurable, ultra-low-power Wi-Fi modulation scheme. Its waveforms offer some beneficial performance attributes for aeronautical telemetry ...

The Mariner spacecraft was 2 months into an 8 month journey to Mars when Doug Rickard idly checked some calculations. The maths all checked out - until Mariner reached Mars. To the irritation of the ...